CONDITION
Atypical Cushings in Dogs
Atypical Cushing's in dogs refers to a pattern where the adrenal glands produce excessive amounts of certain sex hormones—particularly progesterone, androstenedione, or 17-hydroxyprogesterone—while cortisol levels remain within normal limits. This differs from classical Cushing's syndrome, where cortisol itself is elevated. The condition can produce signs that overlap with typical Cushing's disease, though the hormonal picture is distinct. Owners often arrive at this page because their dog shows signs such as increased thirst and urination, coat changes, or subtle shifts in behaviour or body shape, yet standard tests for Cushing's syndrome have come back normal or inconclusive. Some dogs are identified during investigation of other concerns, particularly when routine bloodwork or imaging suggests adrenal involvement without clear cortisol excess. This page explores the observable signs that may prompt consideration of atypical Cushing's, the underlying hormonal mechanisms that distinguish it from classical disease, the investigations used to identify these patterns, and the range of approaches that exist for managing affected dogs. The condition remains an evolving area within veterinary endocrinology, and clinical understanding continues to develop.
Why this matters now
Atypical Cushing's tends to be recognised in middle-aged to older dogs, typically between seven and twelve years of age, though younger animals can occasionally be affected. There is no strong breed predisposition established in the literature, though the condition may be identified more often in breeds already known to develop classical Cushing's disease, such as poodles, dachshunds, and terrier types. The hormonal changes can develop gradually, and many dogs are investigated only after signs have been present for months or longer.
The condition often develops slowly, with signs that may be subtle or initially attributed to ageing. Some dogs show a plateau where signs remain stable for extended periods, while others demonstrate gradual progression in coat quality, body composition, or metabolic changes. The rate of progression varies considerably between individuals, and the degree to which sex hormone excess produces observable signs appears to differ from dog to dog.
Signals & patterns
Early signals
Increased thirst and urination
An owner may notice the water bowl needs refilling more often, or the dog asks to go outside more frequently, particularly overnight. This can occur even when cortisol levels remain normal, and may be one of the first changes noted.
Subtle coat changes
The coat may become duller, thinner, or slower to regrow after clipping. Some dogs develop a slightly woolly texture or show patchy thinning along the flanks or trunk, though this can be easy to miss in the early stages.
Mild increase in appetite
A dog may begin seeking food more persistently, scavenging, or appearing unsatisfied after meals. The change can be gradual and may not be as pronounced as in classical Cushing's disease.
Reduced stamina or energy
Some owners observe that the dog tires more quickly on walks or seems less enthusiastic about play. This can be subtle and may overlap with other age-related changes.
Later signals
Pot-bellied appearance
The abdomen may appear more pendulous or distended, even without significant weight gain. This reflects redistribution of fat and weakening of abdominal muscle tone over time.
Skin changes
The skin may become thinner, more fragile, or prone to bruising. Some dogs develop darkening of the skin, small raised bumps (calcinosis cutis), or persistent superficial infections.
Muscle wasting
Muscle mass over the head, spine, and limbs may diminish, giving the dog a more angular appearance. This can occur alongside the pot-bellied look, creating a characteristic body shape.
Click to read about the biological mechanisms
How this is usually investigated
Options & trade-offs
Last reviewed: Invalid Date ·