Bile Peritonitis

Bile peritonitis describes inflammation of the membrane lining the abdomen (the peritoneum) caused by bile leaking into the abdominal cavity. Bile normally travels from the liver through a system of ducts to the gallbladder and small intestine, but rupture or leakage from any point along this pathway can allow bile to escape into the space around the abdominal organs. The presence of bile outside its usual channels tends to trigger significant inflammation and can alter fluid balance and metabolic function. Owners may observe signs that reflect abdominal discomfort or general unwellness — these can include reduced appetite, quiet behaviour, a tense or painful abdomen, or vomiting. The presentation often develops over hours to days, and the severity of signs can vary depending on the volume of bile, the site of leakage, and how the individual animal responds. Some animals may show subtle changes initially, while others appear more visibly unwell. This page explores the signals that may prompt consideration of bile peritonitis, the mechanisms by which bile leakage occurs and affects the body, the investigations used to identify and characterise the condition, and the range of approaches that may be taken in different clinical contexts.