Cauda Equina Syndrome

Cauda equina syndrome describes a pattern that occurs when the bundle of nerves at the base of the spine—the cauda equina—comes under pressure. These nerves carry signals to and from the hind legs, tail, bladder, and bowel, so pressure in this area can affect movement, sensation, and control in all of these regions. The condition tends to develop in medium to large dogs, often in middle to older age, and can appear gradually or quite suddenly. Owners often notice reluctance to jump, difficulty rising, a change in tail carriage, or hesitation on stairs. Some dogs become quieter on walks, sit down frequently, or seem uncomfortable when touched near the base of the tail. In other cases, the first sign may be a subtle loss of coordination in the hind legs, or changes in toileting behaviour that are harder to interpret at first. This page explores the signals that may prompt concern, what is happening in the spine to cause those signals, how the condition is investigated, and the range of approaches—medical and surgical—that exist. The aim is to help you understand the shape of the condition and the conversations that may follow.