CONDITION
Cushings Disease in Cats
Cushing's disease in cats occurs when the body produces too much cortisol, a hormone that helps regulate metabolism, immune function, and the response to stress. In cats, this is uncommon compared to dogs, and when it does appear, it often arises alongside diabetes mellitus—the two conditions can influence one another in ways that make each harder to manage. Owners may notice changes that develop gradually: increased thirst and urination, a pot-bellied appearance, thinning or fragile skin that tears easily, or a coat that becomes thin and dull. Some cats become quieter or seem less able to groom themselves. Because the signs overlap with other conditions seen in older cats, and because Cushing's disease itself is rare in this species, it can take time to recognise the pattern. This page explores the signals that may prompt investigation, what is happening inside the body to produce these changes, how the condition is investigated and confirmed, and the range of approaches that exist for managing it. Each section is designed to help you understand what may be unfolding and what questions may be worth exploring.
Why this matters now
Cushing's disease in cats tends to appear in middle-aged to older animals, typically between eight and fourteen years of age, though younger cases are occasionally seen. There is no strong breed predisposition identified in cats, unlike the pattern observed in certain dog breeds. The condition often emerges in cats who are already managing diabetes mellitus, and in some cases the two conditions may be diagnosed within months of one another, creating a clinical picture that can be more complex than either condition in isolation.
The onset is usually gradual, unfolding over weeks to months rather than days. Early changes may be subtle enough that owners attribute them to normal ageing or to other conditions already present. As cortisol excess continues, the physical and metabolic effects tend to become more apparent, though the rate of progression varies considerably between individuals. Some cats remain relatively stable for extended periods, while others develop more pronounced signs over a shorter timeframe.
Signals & patterns
Early signals
Increased thirst and urination
The cat may drink more water than usual and produce larger volumes of urine, often prompting more frequent use of the litter tray or accidents outside it. This can overlap with signs of diabetes, making it difficult to attribute to one condition alone.
Changes in appetite or weight
Some cats develop an increased appetite yet fail to gain weight, or may even lose muscle mass despite eating well. Others show a more modest change in eating behaviour that becomes noticeable over weeks.
Thinning or unkempt coat
The fur may become dull, sparse, or patchy, and the cat may groom less effectively than before. Owners often notice a change in coat texture or a gradual loss of the glossy appearance the cat once had.
Reduced activity or lethargy
The cat may spend more time resting, show less interest in play, or seem less inclined to jump or climb. This change can be gradual enough that it blends into the background of an older cat's daily routine.
Later signals
Pot-bellied appearance
The abdomen may appear distended or pendulous, even in cats who have lost weight elsewhere. This reflects changes in fat distribution and muscle tone that develop as cortisol levels remain elevated over time.
Fragile or tearing skin
The skin may become noticeably thin, almost translucent, and can tear easily during routine handling or grooming. Wounds may heal more slowly than expected, and bruising can occur with minimal trauma.
Recurrent infections
Some cats develop repeated skin infections, urinary tract infections, or respiratory issues. Excess cortisol suppresses normal immune responses, making it harder for the body to clear or prevent infection.
Click to read about the biological mechanisms
How this is usually investigated
Options & trade-offs
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