Ethylene Glycol Toxicity

Ethylene glycol toxicity occurs when a dog or cat ingests antifreeze or certain other products containing this sweet-tasting chemical. Once absorbed, ethylene glycol is metabolised in the liver into compounds that can cause severe damage to the kidneys, among other effects. The window between ingestion and the development of serious metabolic changes tends to be short, often measured in hours rather than days. Owners most commonly arrive at this topic after a known or suspected ingestion—perhaps antifreeze has been spilled in the garage, or a pet has been found near a puddle with a sweet smell. Early signs can include behaviour that appears similar to intoxication: unsteadiness, increased thirst, vomiting. Later signs may reflect worsening kidney function, though the progression and severity vary with the amount ingested and how quickly intervention occurs. This page explores the signs that may be observed, the metabolic processes that lead to kidney injury, how ethylene glycol exposure is investigated in practice, and the approaches used to interrupt the toxic pathway and support kidney function. The content is intended to help you understand what may be happening and what shape the conversations and decisions ahead might take.