Sebaceous Gland Dysplasia

Sebaceous gland dysplasia is a condition in which the small oil-producing glands in the skin — the sebaceous glands — become damaged or fail to develop normally. These glands typically help keep the skin and coat supple by producing sebum, a natural moisturising substance. When they stop working properly, the skin can become dry, flaky, and prone to losing hair in patches, often with a characteristic pattern. Owners often notice their dog developing scaly skin, particularly along the back, head, and ears, sometimes with a powdery or crusted appearance. The coat may become dull, brittle, or patchy, and in some cases there is an unusual odour. The condition is seen more commonly in certain breeds, and signs tend to develop gradually over weeks or months. This page explores what changes in the skin and coat may suggest this pattern, what is understood about why the glands become affected, how the condition is investigated and distinguished from other causes of scaling and hair loss, and what approaches exist to manage the skin over time.